First Wave feminism.

Famous feminists and their works:

1. Mary wollstonecraft: Vindication of rights of women (1792) .

2. Charles Fourier: Coined the word feminism, i.e feminisme.

3. F. Engels: book "Origin of the family, private property and the state".

4. Jenny Marx (daughter of karl marx): she combined the women together.

5. August bebel: book "women and socialism" (1879): Repeated the work of engels. And said that without freeing women, successful socialism is just a dream.

6. Clara Zetkin: Mother of German communism.

She organized "international conference for socialist women" in 1907. And in this conference, demand for the right to vote for women was emphasised.

7. Alexandera kollantai: "Ambassador to Europe" was her title.

   

8. Rosa Luxemberg: killed in 1919.

9. Delores Ibarruri: member of communist part of spain.

            All these abovementioned women never considered themselves feminists. They called themselves as socialists. And they considered feminism a totally Capitalist phenomenon. 

In 1918 lenin gave all women right to vote. In whole Europe this right was absent. And this was bone of contention in every country in Europe and America.

The main theoretical contradiction in the first wave of women's movement was b/w socialists and bourgeois feminist.

In Europe feminism was strong.

Emmeline Pankhurst: she lead suffragist movement in UK. 

Before that there had been laws in place in UK like children custody act (1839) , right to own property act (1870s). But with voting rights in USSR, Britain passed "representation of people act" in 1918 with some age and property restrictions on the right to vote. Ultimately, in 1928, after struggle, universal suffrage was adopted. 

In USA "Quakers Christianity movement" was going on. It aimed at abolition of slavery. Besides this, they were quite progressive as far as women were concerned. There were women members as well. For example, Elizabeth Cady Stanton, Susan B. Anthony and 

lucretia mott.

In 1919 with the passage of 19th amendment, right to vote was given to women.

In Pakistan, women won the right to vote without suffrage movement. This has important implications for women's movement in pakistan even today. All Pakistan Women's Movement (APWA) was there, headed by begum rana liaquat ali khan.