Sleepy Classes.

About QUAD : The Quadrilateral Security Dialogue (QSD, also known as QUAD) is an informal strategic forum of four like-minded countries: United States, Japan, Australia and India. QUAD performs various functions, but its military drills are causing anxiety for China. It was established in 2007. Assurance to China: China didn't like this alliance. Because its arch enemy, United States, was making alliance with its neighbouring countries. Therefore, China showed discontent over it. But India and Australia assured China that QUAD is not Asian NATO, and it is restricted to the works of trade and culture exchanges. Malabar Exercises: But these assurances were mere rhetorics. In 2007 Australia was invited in the Malabar military exercise, and it perturbed China so much so that it pressurized India not to invite Australia in other exercises. Therefore, in 2018, Australia was rejected so as to allay the fears of China. India's Pivot to Australia: In 2020, border clashes between India a...

Overview : They cut their hair short like men. They arsoned their brazars. They said no to lipstick. The reason for all these demeanors was to stop portraying women as a "object". They were against the objectification of women. They also demanded Co-education and opening of gender studies subject in every universities. And all professions must be opened to women. Above all, they brought about revolution in culture. A song by Helen Reddy 'I am a woman, hear me roar' was the best. And songs like this appeared on the scene quite quickly. In Pakistan, women were encouraged by the second wave. They created "Women's Action Forum" (WAF). Theses women burn their dupattas as a symbolic protest against women oppression in 1987. WAF protested again ZIA's islamization in 1983. Books written in second wave feminism. 1. Coming of the age in Samoa by M. Mead in 1928. She went and lived among the people of Samoa. And she observed that culture has a leading influence...

Famous feminists and their works: 1. Mary wollstonecraft: Vindication of rights of women (1792) . 2. Charles Fourier: Coined the word feminism, i.e feminisme. 3. F. Engels: book "Origin of the family, private property and the state". 4. Jenny Marx (daughter of karl marx): she combined the women together. 5. August bebel: book "women and socialism" (1879): Repeated the work of engels. And said that without freeing women, successful socialism is just a dream. 6. Clara Zetkin: Mother of German communism. She organized "international conference for socialist women" in 1907. And in this conference, demand for the right to vote for women was emphasised. 7. Alexandera kollantai: "Ambassador to Europe" was her title.     8. Rosa Luxemberg: killed in 1919. 9. Delores Ibarruri: member of communist part of spain.             All these abovementioned women never considered themselves feminists. They called themselves as socialists. And they considered femini...

State Jurisdiction meaning: Jurisdiction is the government’s general power to exercise authority over all persons and entities within its territory. The term ‘jurisdiction’ refers to the power of States to subject persons or property to their laws, judicial institutions, or enforcement capacity.  Jurisdiction is a  vital  and  indeed  central  feature  of  state  sovereignty,  for  it  is  an  exercise of  authority  which  may  alter  or  create  or  terminate  legal  relationships and  obligations.  It  may  be  achieved  by  means  of  legislative  action  or  by executive  action  or  by  judicial  action. In  the  UK,  Parliament  passes  binding  statutes,  the  courts make  binding decisions  and  the  administrative ma...

Development: The  law  in  this  area  developed  from  the  middle  of  the  nineteenth  century. In  1864,  as  a  result  of  the  pioneering  work  of  Henry Dunant, who had been  appalled  by  the  brutality  of  the  battle  of  Solferino  five  years  earlier, the  Geneva  Convention  for  the  Amelioration  of  the  Condition  of  the Wounded in Armies in the Field  was  adopted.  This  brief  instrument was revised  in  1906.  In  1868  the  Declaration  of  St  Petersburg  prohibited  the use  of  small  explosive  or  incendiary  projectiles.  The  laws  of  war  were codified  at  the  Hague  Conferences...

http://philosophcalreligon.blogspot.com/2020/07/conversation-between-god-and-nietzsche.html Part 1.  Before starting a debate, it is mandatory to define Capitalism and Socialism. I wouldn't dive deep into the intricacies of these philosophies, but I shall give you a brief introduction of these two widely acknowledged theories.  Capitalism : It is an economic and political system in which private ownership is of paramount importance. It believes in deregulated market. State has no role to play in the market. Market will decide the cost of a commodity by adhering to demand and supply rule. In this system, everyone can earn as much as he can. In this system, profit is preferred over morality.  Socialism :  It is an economic and political system advocating collective or government ownership and administration of the means of production and distribution of goods. If capitalism is thesis then socialism is its antithesis. Both are poles apart, completely different from each...

Overview Each member may have not more than five representatives in General Assembly (GA).  Each member has one vote. Decisions on important questions are made by two-thirds majority of the members present and voting. Such decisions or questions include the matter relating to international peace and security, the election of non permanent members members of Security Council, the election of members of ECOSOC, admission of new members in UN etc. Functions and Power: 1. Deliberative Functions: This means functions regarding discussion, studies, recommendations and passing of resolutions on d/f matters. A) GA can discuss any question or matter within the scope of present charter. There is, however, exceptions to this. According to Article 12, UNGA does not interfere into any dispute or situation which under UNSC. Although Article 10 provide confers upn GA very wide deliberative functions, yet they are restricted by Article 12. B) GA can promote peace and security. It can call the atte...

Overview : State Responsibility is a complex subject to discuss. It is quite difficult to assign a wrongful act to a state. Because state in itself is a abstract term. State is its people. And it is cumbersome to held a state liable for their wrongful acts. So, in 2001 International law commission prepared a report viz, "Articles on the Responsibility of state for internationally wrongful acts" to codify the customary practices involving state responsibility. Article 1. Every wrongful act of a state entails international responsibility of that state. Wrongful act: Violation of I. Law.  Example 1: In the Phosphates in Morocco case, PCIJ affirmed that when a State commits an internationally wrongful act against another State international responsibility is established “immediately as between the two States”.  Example 2: In the “Rainbow Warrior” case, the arbitral tribunal stressed that “any violation by a State of any obligation, of...